Libris Britannia 4

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ Libris Britannia 4 / science library(b).zip / science library(b) / TECHNICA / COMPUTER / H124.ZIP / DISK2.ZIP / KD_DOC.4 < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1990-07-18 | 90KB | 3,676 lines

────────────────────────────────────────── 4 - COMMAND SUMMARY ────────────────────────────────────────── Commands for PC-KEY-DRAW are divided into two primary types. Type 1 are those that can be issued in the CURSOR MODE (anytime the cursor can be moved about on the screen) and type 2 are the commands that are called from within a particular func- tion. Basically type 1 commands pertain to general operation, while type 2 commands pertain to a specific drawing function. The help file in PC-KEY-DRAW and the Com- mand Summary sheet (available from OED- WARE) are similar to the contents of this chapter, which is arranged by command. The first part of this chapter provides a SHORT FORM look at the commands, while the second part expands the look at the com- mands with a LONG FORM. The LONG FORM also includes numerous small examples to help illustrate the various commands. See Chap- ter 10 DEFINITIONS & INFORMATION for addi- tional detail of the commands. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-1 SHORT FORM See KD-DRAW.HLP for this information! ────────────────────────────────────────── It has been removed from the disk manual for space. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-2 LONG FORM The following section contains additional details on operating the various commands of PC-KEY-DRAW. It also contains numerous specific examples which are written in the form they would appear if saved as a key macro, translated with KD-TRANS.EXE and viewed with a standard text editor. Unless otherwise stated, the macros presented all start in the CURSOR MODE. For example HOME |1 means hit the <HOME> key 1 time or [rect] F2 |1 r |1 PGDN |10 ENTER |2 means hit Function key #1 (<F1>) 1 time, then hit a lowercase <r>, then the <PgDn> key 10 times, and then the <ENTER> key twice. Following this sequence will draw a square on the screen. Some prompts must be completed with <ENTER>, such as "Enter background <0-3> [0]". In reading macro samples the <ENTER> will not appear as a command since it is part of the input. Any prompt that starts with the word "Enter" must be concluded by an <ENTER> from the user. "File Name"s must also be concluded with <ENTER>. While most commands relate to a single key stroke per macro line, many require mul- tiple key strokes as when text is entered or a file name is entered. Such lines appear as follows: COMMAND SUMMARY 4-3 ***TEXT***|This is text|1 ***TEXT***|135|1 ***TEXT***|B:GIRL.SCN|1 Do not enter "***TEXT***" or the "|", enter only the text between the two bars "|". In some places in the manual the untranslated form will be used to save space, such as: *|1 is equivalent to * |1 The short hand form will only be used for key strokes that are easy to understand without translation. For additional examples and an aid to learning, try translating some of the many macros supplied on the different library disks. After translating a macro, it can be easily view and printed using a text editor. Use the printed macros as samples, just like the ones in this manual. Many of the macrso supplied with PC-KEY-DRAW include remark statements. The remark statements are added by a text editor and do not effect the operation of the macro, but serve to explain what a macro's intended use is or might be. The remarks also serve to inform the user on what the conditions should be before calling the macro, such as "Operate from Medium reso- lution" or "Copy object to be overlayed first before calling macro". Beware of remarks that start with "E" or "e" since this may confuse the macro into thinking that the number of repeats for the given key sequence is in scientific notation. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-4 Cursor Mode ────────────────────────────────────────── Cursor keys <1-9> move cursor around on screen at speed set by <F9> or <+> and <->. Shft-Cursor Keys <Shft>-<1-9> use during drawing of circles, rectangles, poly- gons, ellipses and several others to adjust the starting point of the object being drawn. For example when drawing a circle the Cursor Keys adjust the size of circle while the Shft-Cursor Keys move the circle around on the screen. With a rectangle the Cursor keys move one corner while the Shft-Cursor keys move the opposite corner. <Ctrl-Right Arrow> jumps the cursor to the right to the next grid point, whether the grid is visible or not. The grid point is set by calling <g>, <Ctrl-g>, or <Alt-g>. <Ctrl-Left Arrow> jumps the cursor to the left to the next grid point, whether the grid is visible or not. The grid point is set by calling <g>, <Ctrl-g>, or <Alt-g>. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-5 <Ctrl-Home> sets the display to SCreen 1 if screen is not 1. Allows panning or paging through pages and layers if screen is already set to 1. <?>, <h>, or <H> displays full map of 8X8 PAGE grid and shows current loca- tion on that grid. <Home> sets SCreen 1 to PaGe 00 or layer 0 <Ctrl-Home> returns to PaGe 00 or layer 0 without saving screen you are currently on. <End> sets SCreen 1 to last page or layer created. <PgUp> moves through pages and layers one page/layer up. <PgDn> moves through pages and layers one page/layer down. <Cursor keys> Pan in page mode by 1/2 screen. <Ctrl-End> sets screen to SCreen 2 no matter what the screen is to begin with. SCreen 2 is used for the visual layer when layers are active. SCreen 2 is ideal for a temporary work space when layers are not in use. <Ctrl-PgUp> Moves up through screens. SCreen 1 is the top screen. <Ctrl-PgDn> Moves down through screens. Screen F7 is below SCreen 2. SCreen Title is below SCreen F7. <Esc> Stops current operation and refreshes screen to what it was before the last action was started. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-6 <Shft-Tab> Switches between high and medium resolution. Use <Ctrl-r> to switch to high resolution. The current drawing mode will be saved as the default mode if <Ctrl-s>tatus is selected and saved. Currently PC-KEY- DRAW works only in the CGA graphics modes of 320X200 with four colors (medium resolution - color) or 640X200 with two colors (high resolution -black and white). These modes are readily distinguished by the size of the text used in the prompt line and menus. The color mode uses 40 column text, while the b&w mode uses 80 col- umn text. The 80 column text provides additional information on the prompt line,with more information at one time then is possible with the 40 column mode. Which mode you choose depends on what you are creating. <ENTER> The Enter/Return key is used to complete functions, mark points, take default values. The first mouse button is used as the <ENTER> key. During line drawing the <ENTER> key is used to mark line end points and continue drawing. References to marking or ending usually refer to using the <ENTER> key. <Space Bar> brings up the Function selec- tion menu if no functions are cur- rently active. <Space Bar> is active during line drawing with <F6 l> or <F6 c> to temporarily suspend line drawing and display the cursor. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-7 <Backspace> provides the ability to backup while entering the points of <F6 l>ine, <F6 p>arallel, <F6 s>poke, and <F3-b>-spline to correct a mistake or change of mind. After using <Back- space> during <F6> operation, the screen is refreshed an the line redrawn up to the last point. <$> Sets screen aspect ratio. The aspect ratio is the ratio between the hori- zontal pixels and vertical pixels. An aspect ratio of 1.0 in color or 2.0 in high resolution gives good results. Adjust the screen ratio as desired to display circles as circles and not ellipses. You may want to match to your printer rather than to the screen. The screen aspect ratio can also be varied as desired for a number effects, ie. adjusting spray paint or rotating in an ellipse. <+> increases cursor step by one. The new cursor step is retained and can be toggled with <F9>. The cursor step number not only effects the speed of the cursor, but the steps in a cursor rotation, the number of lines to insert or delete, and the mouse/joystick speed. <-> decreases cursor step by one. The new cursor step is retained and can be toggled with <F9>. <_> cursor wrap toggle. When PC-KEY-DRAW is run it will be have cursor wrap on, so that if the cursor is moved off the edge of the screen it will wrap to the other side. Use <_> to turn cursor wrap off. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-8 <(> shifts entire display to the left for use with graphics boards that need to be centered. <)> shifts entire display to the right. Use <(> and <)> with some graphics cards to properly center screen. <[> rotates the cursor about the last mea- sure point in steps set by <F9> in a counter-clockwise direction. <]> rotates the cursor about the last mea- sure point in steps set by <F9> in a clockwise direction. <{> rotates cursor counterclockwise in 90 degree increments. <}> rotates cursor clockwise in 90 degree increments. To gain a better feel for cursor rotation try this: SHFT-F9 |1 + |5 F6 |1 l |1 RIGHT |5 ] |20 [ |20 Try the above with rectangles, poly- gons, and animated or smeared objects. </> works the same as <Space Bar> <?> displays help information. Works like <H>. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-9 <*> toggles prompt line display for play- back. When writing macros that will be used as slide shows or demos it is often desirable to turn of the prompt line and the cursor. Use <*> once to turn off the prompt line and twice to also turn off the cursor. *|3 will stop circles and rectangles from dis- playing as they are sized, while *|4 in a macro will stop the double redraw of lines for greater speed. It may be best to add the appropriate line to the macro after it is written, since seeing the prompt and cursor can aid in debugging. The macros will run faster the higher the star value use. <Alt-1> jumps cursor to 0,0 (top left cor- ner). <Alt-0 to Alt-9> jumps to the screen posi- tion previously assigned to that key. These must first be defined with <Ctrl-j>, which will create a small file KD-DRAW.JMP. If a particular key is not assigned the cursor will jump to 0,0. To illustrate jumping, move the cursor to some location on the screen and perform the following: CTRL-j |1 ALT-3 |1 now move to some other location on the screen and then: ALT-3 |1 and the cursor will be instantly back to the marked point. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-10 <5> displays color value that cursor is over. This lets you know what color you are over when working on a black and white screen in the color mode of the program. sets background value. The background value is used for a number of func- tions, including removing the lines during rubberbanding of circle, box, polygon. The current setting of the background is displayed in column 40 of the prompt line. Reverse video operations change the setting of the background value. <Alt-F10> also sets the color of the background. Normally the background color is set to the predominate color of screen, but there are many times when it is desirable to set it to another value. Try this: SHFT-F9 |1 [poly] + |5 B |1 0 |1 F2 |1 p |1 3 |1 RIGHT |5 ] |20 [ |20 B |1 1 |1 ] |18 At this point an interesting pattern will be displayed on the screen. If it is desired to keep that pattern hit <k>eep then continue otherwise hitting <ENTER> will replace the screen as it was and draw the polygon in its final position. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-11 <C> switches cursor to last center of a circle or centers animated area hori- zontally on screen. <Alt-c> toggles through three cursor types. A double dot, arrow, or full screen cross hairs are available. Which cursor you use depends on what you prefer and will vary with the type of drawing you are working on. Your favorite cursor type can be saved as the default from the Status Screen. <Alt-d> displays the DOS date at the spe- cified screen location. The time can be displayed on the screen with <Alt-t>. Time and date display are provided for the terminal clock watch- ers and for use in slide shows. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-12 [work3] Figure 4-3 Screen with help menu and <Ctrl-g>rid turned on. <g> sets grid to display as dots. You must specify the spacing of the grid in the units of the scale being used. <g> will also turn the grid off if it is on as dots of lines. The current color set by <F10> will be used as the grid color, until the grid is turned off. <Ctrl-g> sets a line grid that is XORed with the screen and thus does not hide some lines as <Alt-g> can. <Alt-g> sets grid to display as lines. Use <g> to turn it off. The current color set by <F10> will be used as the grid color, until the grid is turned off. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-13 <h> selects help menus. The first time brings in the menu in the top left corner of the screen (if it is cur- rently off). Selecting it a second time displays the help file for the CURSOR MODE. See <H> and <?> for more information. <H> toggles help menus as above or turns off the menu if it is on. <H>elp works the same as <?>. See also <h> for more information. toggles isometric drawing mode. The isometric mode changes the cursor key movements so that instead of moving at 45 degree angles the cursor moves at 30 and 60 degree angles. A lowercase "i" will appear on the prompt line when in isometric mode. In the Status Screen a 1 indicates that the isomet- ric mode is off, while a 2 means the mode is on. The Status Screen also allows the user to specify valves greater than 2 for aiding in some spe- cial effects. <Ctrl-j> or <Ctrl-ENTER> allow screen positions to be set and remembered and assigned to <Alt-0 thru Alt-9>. KD- DRAW.JMP will be created the first time this function is called. See instructions above on <Alt-0 thru Alt-9> commands for a sample. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-14 <k> keeps the screen in memory as it cur- rently appears. Use this with func- tions like <F7 a>nimate and <F7 s>mear and with functions like <F2 r>ectan- gle, <F3 c>ircle, and <F2 p>olygon when the ackground color is set to something other than the background of the screen. See the above example for ackground. <Alt-k> activates key macro for <r>un, <c>reate, or <e>nd. See Key Macro for details on operation. Both <r>un and <c>reate will ask for a file name to use. Entering a single drive letter only will display the files on the drive with appropriate extension. <f>unction can be used to set the HOT key file used for assigning the func- tion keys used with <Shift>, <Ctrl>, and <Alt>. <l> turns display of visual layers on and off. Once layers are on they can only be turned off completely with <Alt-l>. <L> sets active and visual layers as desired by the layer numbers. <Ctrl-l> combines SCreen 1 with the visual layers of SCreen 2 to create a new visual layer and starts next layer with a fresh screen in SCreen 1. This is the primary method of initializing the use of layers. <Alt-l> turns layers off and pages back on. This differs from <l> which simply stops displaying the visual layers when turned off. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-15 <m> mark measure point. Measure read out on prompt line is set to zero. Use at any time. Some functions will set <m>ark measure for their own use. When drawing a circle the measured distance is the radius, while drawing a line the measured distance is the length of the line. <M> switches cursor to last marked point. Some operations will mark a point for measure, such as <F2 r> and <F3 c>. <M> works like the jump commands <Alt-0 thru Alt-9> only the setting of the measure point is only temporary. <Alt-m> sets screen scale based on meas- ured distance. Use <m> first. The fol- lowing illustrates how <m> and <Alt-m> can be used to set the scale based on the screen image. F3 |1 c |1 RIGHT |5 ENTER |2 C |1 m |1 RIGHT |5 ALT-m |1 10 |1 The scale is now set so that the circle on the screen has a radius of 10 units, be they feet, inches, or meters is up to you. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-16 <Ctrl-p> plays music using the BASICA PLAY statement syntax. For use primarily in macros or when you just want to sere- nade yourself and co-workers. See your BASICA manual for details on using the play command. <Alt-p> sets pause length for macro play- back in seconds. <Alt-p> has no effect except in a macro playback. <Q> controls cursor movement quality. Quality off allows faster motion. Quality on ensures equal cursor steps. Key macro automatically sets quality on. Do not turn the quality off in a macro since cursor movement will not be faithfully recorded. <Q>uality significantly effects movement with a mouse of joystick. <Alt-q> toggles the display of cursor coor- dinates on the prompt line. Use the coordinates to aid drafting or layout operations and turn of the coordinates in free form drawing for faster cursor response. <R> Refresh the screen with current pic- ture. <Ctrl-r> forces the screen to high resolu- tion mode. Use in macros that must start in high resolution. <Shft-Tab> toggles between high and medium reso- lution. High resolution is 640X200 with 2 colors, while medium resolution is 320X200 with 4 colors. Which reso- lution used depends on final output desired. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-17 <s> Show only active screen, without cur- sor or prompt line, useful for taking slides from screen. During macro play back the macro will stop and wait for any key to be hit. <S> Same as <s>, but shows both active and visual layers. <Ctrl-s> Switch to the Status/Configura- tion Screen. A number of parameters can be set and kept as the default to be used by the program each time the program is run. This is the same screen that is displayed the first time the program is run or when ever KD-DRAW.DFT is removed from the disk. <Alt-t> displays the current time on the screen at the specified position. Useful for macros that will be run continuously in a show or store envi- ronment. Also great for those who like to watch the clock or time a macro. updates workspace #1 and declares that current screen is SCreen 1. The previ- ous contents of SCreen 1 will be lost. Retrieve with <F8 w>. updates workspace #2 and declares that current screen is SCreen 2. The Previ- ous contents of SCreen 2 will be lost. Retrieve with <F8 W>. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-18 <v> video reverse of currently animated object. The item is put on the screen in reverse video, grabbed, and anima- tion continues with the colors reversed, ie. color 0 becomes color 3, color 1 becomes color 2, color 2 becomes color 1, and color 3 becomes color 1. <Alt-v> sets visual horizon of screen. This is the point where animated objects will disappear when moved below the set level. The visual hori- zon setting is provided primarily for special effects during macro playback. <w> sets line width from 1 to 32. <w>idth also controls the width of circles, rectangles, polygons and b-spline curves. Width can be set greater than 32 for circles, polygons, b-spline, and rectangles. SCNSHOW.MCR uses a very large width setting with circle to fade out the screen showing the girl and the sheep in the meadow. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <x> can be very useful in macros that you want to start at a specific loca- tion each time it runs. <Ctrl-x> sets the current cursor location as the screen's 0,0 point. The normal screen origin is the top left corner. <Ctrl-x> provides the means to set as desired. This is particularly useful in mechanical and architectural draw- ing. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-19 F1 Modification ────────────────────────────────────────── <r> allows rotation about a point in the plane of the screen. First select cen- ter of rotation, next define object. Follow prompts. *C*-<r> will rotate only the current color as selected by <F10>. Try the following: F2 |1 [rotb] ALT-r |1 PGDN |5 ENTER |2 HOME |1 F1 |1 r |1 PGDN |1 ENTER |1 HOME |5 ENTER |1 y |1 ***TEXT***|10|1 ***TEXT***|36|1 ENTER |1 <Ctrl-r> rotates left half of screen 90 degrees. Part of the right side of the screen may be lost so you may want to store the screen first. <Alt-r> to rotate all three colors of an object. <Alt-r> is used exactly like <r>. In high resolution there is no difference between <Alt-r> and <r>. A screen aspect ratio of 1.0 in medium resolution or 2.0 in high resolution provides the cleanest rotation, while other aspect ratios can be used for interesting effects. Rotation can COMMAND SUMMARY 4-20 either be used to replace the object with the rotated form of the object or used to give multiple steps of the object about the center point. <R> revolves an object about a horizontal or vertical axis. Use like <r> by marking axis center, and any two oppo- site corners. The following creates a donut from a circle: F3 |1 [revp] c |1 RIGHT |3 ENTER |2 RIGHT |3 F1 |1 R |1 LEFT |3 UP |3 ENTER |1 END |6 ENTER |1 ***TEXT***|23|1 ENTER |1 v |1 ENTER |1 COMMAND SUMMARY 4-21 <a> again - allows the same object to be rotated or zoomed again with a new angle/size. <a>gain can be particu- larly useful when you are not sure of the exact angle or zoom amount needed. <A> again - rotates and zooms the last object at the same time. <Ctrl-a> again - switches from all color rotation/zoom to single color rota- tion/zoom and vice versa. The single color used is the color set by <F10> when <F1 Ctrl-a> is called. <Alt-a> again - allows a previously rotated object to be zoomed and vice versa. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-22 <z> zooms an object either up or down. Does not change drawing scale. Use like <r> by marking center, and any two opposite corners. The center loca- tion is particularly important when using multiple steps to produce 3-D effects. Placing the center far away from object results in a stretched 3-D effect when using step. *C*-will zoom only current color as selected by <F10>. <Alt-z> to zoom entire object. (all col- ors) <Alt-z> is identical to <z> in all aspects except how colors are handled. Both <z> and <Alt-z> allow a step to be set for zooming. This allows you to create 3-D effects, that work espe- cially well with certain text fonts. <Z> zooms the entire screen up or down, changing scaling accordingly. A screen aspect ratio of 1.0 in color or 2.0 in high resolution gives the best results for zooming. When zooming with <z>, <Z>, or <Alt-Z> you will be asked to Enter Scale Fac- tor. The number entered multiplies the current screen scale, thus scale factors greater than one shrink the object relative to the screen while scale factors less than one expand the object on the screen. Use <Space Bar> or </> to enter the Zoom Factor instead of the Scale Factor. The Zoom Factor multiplies the object size, thus factors greater than one expand the object, while factors less than one shrink the object. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-23 <Ctrl-z> zooms portion of screen for edit- ing on a pixel by pixel basis. Select- ing <Ctrl-z> a second time will allow work on 8 screens at one time. The size of the pixel screen corresponds to the size of the patterns used in <F5 f>ill. While in the pixel (FAT- BITS) mode the colors of the pixels are entered directly as 0,1,2, or 3. To draw with a color use <t>race fol- lowed by the color number, then move the cursor to leave the line behind. Use <t> a second time to turn off the trace. Exit pixel editing with <Esc>. While in the pixel editing mode, text mode files can be brought in. This is designed for macro play back and has little use in drawing editing. The text screens should be saved in a BSAVE format. <o>ld prompts for a file name to load. If multiple screens are loaded when entering the FATBITS mode use <Ctrl- PgDn> and <Ctrl-PgUp> to move through the pages. Alternately with version 3.50 use <Alt-s> to turn on scroll. With scroll on any cursor movement moves the window. <t>race works with scrolling. It is possible to scroll over the enter screen for easier edit- ing. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-24 <m> mirrors image of an object defined in box. Select mirror line orientation. The original image remains intact as a duplicate mirror image is made. Mirroring of an object is one of the most useful functions available in any drawing/paint program. Many objects are symmetrical, but when drawing by conventional means, ie. paper and pen- cil, you must draw both sides of an object independently. With PC-KEY- DRAW you can draw one side of the object and then use <m>irror to make it symmetrical. <M> mirrors entire screen either horizon- tally or vertically. Mirroring of the entire screen can be a necessity in creating certain spe- cial effects. For example when using <F1 S> or <F1 Ctrl-s>lide to create a bowl effect (see Library disk #2 for several macros) the screen must be mirrored because slide only works from left to right. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-25 <f> flips/rotates object through desired view angle, thus compressing it. <F> flips/rotates full screen through desired view angle. Think of <f>lip and <F>lip as follows: Draw a circle on a piece of paper. Hold the piece of paper in your hands so that it is perpendicular to your line of sight, ie the circle and paper are in full view. Rotate the paper and notice how the circle turns to an ellipse. <f> and <F> perform the same function on the screen. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-26 <v> reverse video - switches colors 0 to 3; 1 to 2; 2 to 1; 3 to 0. Works on the entire screen. The ackground value is changed accordingly. <V> reverse video - switches colors 0 to 1; 1 to 0; 2 to 3; 3 to 2. Works on the entire screen. The ackground valve is changed accordingly. <Ctrl-v> reverse video - switches colors 0 to 2; 1 to 3; 2 to 0; 3 to 1. Works on the entire screen. The ackground value is changed accordingly. <Alt-v> XORs screen with set value. An XOR with 255 is equivalent to <v>. A ran- dom value is assigned each time <Alt-V> is accessed. You can use the default random value or enter your own number. Works on the entire screen. Reverse video works on a full screen only. To reverse only an object is necessary to copy the object and ani- mate it using the commands of <F7>, then use <v> and the object's color is now reversed. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-27 <s> slides object either horizontally or vertically by a given number of steps. Use slide to distort a drawing. It is ideal for creating italic letters. <s> uses a slide factor of 1. Try the following to create italics from standard font: F6 |1 ALT-T |1 ***TEXT***|This is ITALICS|1 ENTER |1 CTRL-END |1 CTRL-PGDN |1 ALT-1 |1 F1 |2 s |1 DOWN |2 LEFT |3 ENTER |1 ***TEXT***|15|1 h |1 r |1 ENTER |1 CTRL-HOME |1 F7 |1 a |1 C |3 F7 |1 m |1 ENTER |1 [ital] COMMAND SUMMARY 4-28 <S> slides entire screen. In the same fashion as <s>. <S> uses a linear slide factor of 1. <Ctrl-s> slides entire screen as above only to a power (slide factor) from 2 to 4. Slide distorts the screen by shifting it line by line. The amount each line is shifted is calculated based on the step size (default=10) and the power factor. The direction of the slide is either vertically up or down, or hori- zontally left and right. A number of macros are included on Library Disk #2 that make use of slide to create a bowl effect with what is on the screen. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-29 <c> calculates area and center of area for object. By looking for the color set with F10. The area calculation is based on the screen scale and lit pix- els. To get the area of a circle the circle must be completely filled in with the same color, otherwise calcu- late will return a value closer to the perimeter of the object. <Alt-c> calculates mass and center of mass for object. Operates much the same as <c> only all colors are calculated for and weighted based on user supplied density factors. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-30 F2 Box & Figure ────────────────────────────────────────── <r> rectangle - displays box as cursor is moved. The <Shift> key can be used with the cursor keys to adjust the first corner of the box. The diagonal length of the rectangle is displayed on the prompt line. [rect] F2 |1 r |1 RIGHT |6 DOWN |6 ENTER |2 <R> same as <r> only box is copied for use with <F7 a>nimate, move, etc. The line width setting effects the rectangle width. A width setting of 1 draws a rectangle one pixel wide, while a width setting of 5 draws a rectangle five pixels wide. For lines the maximum width is 32, for rectan- gles the maximum width is 32,000 pix- els. Macro special effects using <r>ectangle with <w>idth allow the screen to be erased from a line out- ward. <Alt-r> produces a rectangle filled with the color set by <F10>. To draw a square, use the 45 degree keys (Cursor Pad Keys 1, 3, 7, and 9) to move vertically and horizontally an equal amount. To draw a rectangle with known length on both sides move the cursor first horizontally the desired distance, select <m>easure and then move vertically the desired position. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-31 <s> produces shaded box with choice of <l>ight, <m>edium, and <h>eavy shade Use <F10> to set color. Mark any two opposite corners. F2 |1 [save] s |1 RIGHT |6 DOWN |6 ENTER |1 m |1 ENTER |1 <S> same as <s> only box is copied for use with <F7 a>nimate, move, etc. An outline of the area to be shaded is displayed as the cursor is moved to set the size. When <ENTER> is selected the user is prompted for the shade density and the area is drawn. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-32 polygon inscribed in circle. Enter number of any number of sides. The polygon is displayed as it is sized and positioned with the cursor. Use <[> and <]> to rotate the polygon as you position it. <F9> controls the amount the polygon is rotated with each step. To create a seven sided polygon try: F2 |1 [poly7] p |1 7 |1 RIGHT |6 { |4 ] |10 ENTER |2 <a> arrow - places arrow head at cursor location either pointing p, <d>own, <l>eft, <r>ight, <e> up- right, <f> down-right, <g> down-left, <h> up-left. Use or <d> to upsize or downsize the arrow. The arrow size is remembered and used the next time arrow is called. Selecting <ENTER> from CURSOR MODE will continue to place the last arrow drawn at the cur- sor position, until another function is selected. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-33 <o> outlines area. The program will search the enclosed area for the background color (set with <Alt-F10> or ) bordering on the other three colors and produce an outline using the color set with <F10>. To produce an outlined text font try the following: B |1 Set background 0 |1 SHFT-F9 |1 [out1] F6 |1 ALT-t |1 ***TEXT***|This is outline|1 ENTER |1 ALT-1 |1 [out2] PGDN |2 F7 |1 M |1 Move text ALT-1 |1 F10 |# # set as desired. F2 |1 o |1 LEFT |1 Assumes cursor wrap on + |7 DOWN |3 ENTER |2 The above steps will create a portion of text on the screen that is outlined in the color set with <F10>. For a somewhat different effect repeat the above on a fresh screen, but replace the second line with 1|1 and set F10 to 3. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-34 F3 Curve Draw ────────────────────────────────────────── <c> circle - draws a full circle. The location of the cursor when <c> is selected will be the center of the circle. After marking the center, move the cursor to the desired radius. The length of the radius is shown on the prompt line and the circle is dis- played. The center can be shifted with the numeric keys corresponding to the cursor keys. Select <F3> again or <ENTER> to mark the radius and draw the circle. If circle is not of desired roundness, select <$> and change the screen aspect ratio. F3 |1 [circ] c |1 RIGHT |5 ENTER |2 The width of a circle is controlled with <w>idth from the CURSOR MODE. As with rectangles there is effectively no limit on the width a circle can have. SCNSHOW.MCR uses a very wide circle of color 0 to perform a screen wipe of the GIRL screen. Ctrl-c> draws the center line for a circle. Start in the center of the circle and use just like <c>. The properly sized center lines will be drawn after an <ENTER> or selecting <F3> a second time. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-35 <a> arc - draws an arc using cursor posi- tion as start and end. As with the circle, the current cursor position is the center of the arc. The second position is the radius and one end of the arc. The third position is the other end of the arc. Arcs are always drawn counterclockwise. <A> draws arc with lines from center to end points (pie shaped). Use it exactly like <a>rc. To create a pie shape try: F3 |1 [pie] A |1 PGDN |4 DOWN |2 ENTER |1 UP |8 LEFT |2 ENTER |2 Arcs are easier to draw in color because a dot corresponding the cursor position is visible. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-36 <e> ellipse - draws a full ellipse. Use as with circle, but use up and right arrow to properly shape ellipse before hitting a <ENTER>. F3 |1 [ellip] e |1 RIGHT |3 UP |2 ENTER |2 The width of an ellipse is controlled with <w>idth from the CURSOR MODE. As with circles there is effectively no limit on the width an ellipse can have. <Ctrl-e> draws the center line for an ellipse. Use just like <Ctrl-c>. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-37 <f> fillet or round for 90 degree corners. Start with the cursor at the corner. After selecting <F3 f> move at a 45 degree angle towards what will be the center of the fillet/round. F2 |1 Creates rectangle with r |1 two rounded corners. PGDN |7 ENTER |2 F3 |1 [fillet] f |1 HOME |2 ENTER |2 RIGHT |2 UP |5 F3 |1 f |1 END |2 ENTER |2 COMMAND SUMMARY 4-38 <r> rose curves inscribed in circle. The circle is displayed allowing you to adjust the size with the Cursor Keys. Use <Enter> when the size is correct. Enter number of leaves. As with most functions the color of the resulting rose is set by <F10> while the inscribing circle size is set. <s> spiral from center outward. Move only a small distance from the center point to leave room for multiple arms, if so desired. An interesting special effect can be obtained while the spiral is being drawn by holding down the <F10> key. This effect can not be recorded in a macro. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-39 <t> trig(sine) - produces sine curve. Set desired amplitude and period with cur- sor keys. Don't move the cursor too quickly when using <t> because it is slow. Try this: F3 |1 [trig] t |1 RIGHT |5 UP |2 DOWN |4 UP |4 ENTER |2 b-spline curves can be created by entering a number of points and let- ting the program draw a smooth curve between the entered points using a B-Spline routine. Use <ENTER> to mark the points or <Backspace> to back up and remove entered points. When all points are entered select a Function Key <F1-F8> to stop editing and to draw curve. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-40 F4 Shade & Fade ────────────────────────────────────────── <l> light shading of interior of object. <m> medium shading of interior of object. <d> dark/heavy shading of interior of object. The shade densities match those of <F2 s>hade. Use <F10> to determine color of shading. If area to be shaded is complex, it may require several tries to completely shade. To shade a circle try: F3 |1 Draw circle c |1 LEFT |8 ENTER |2 C |1 [scirc] F4 |1 l |1 n |1 F4 |1 m |1 n |1 F4 |1 d |1 y |1 COMMAND SUMMARY 4-41 <s> Spray paints area. Use on painted circle to give a 3-D effect. Affects active color only. First draw item and paint with <F5>. Current cursor loca- tion sets the position of light source (generally on the object). Next mark any corner of box containing object and select <F4> again. Mark opposite corner of box and select <F4> to spray paint. <Alt-s> as above but effects all colors. Set screen aspect ratio to 0 to shade columns. Spray paint works by looking for the foreground colors and replacing them with the background color. The setting of the ackground is thus very important. Spray painting is normally set to shade circular objects. To shade other objects you may want to adjust the spray pattern using the screen aspect ratio. Set the a$pect ratio to zero for columns. Remember to return the aspect ratio to its normal value after spray painting is com- plete. Give this a try: (Start with the cursor in the top left quadrant of the screen, the color set to 3, and the cursor speed set to about 8.) COMMAND SUMMARY 4-42 [planet] CTRL-j |1 Mark start corner. ALT-2 |1 F2 |1 Draw filled rectangle ALT-r |1 PGDN |6 DOWN |4 CTRL-j |1 Mark end corner. ALT-3 |1 ENTER |2 UP |5 B |1 2 |1 F4 |1 Mark light source. s |1 ALT-2 |1 Jump to start corner. ENTER |1 ALT-3 |1 Jump to end corner. $ |1 Set for column shade. 0 |1 ENTER |2 Complete spray paint $ |1 Reset aspect ratio. 1 |1 COMMAND SUMMARY 4-43 <f> fades enclosed area with color set by ackground. Fading is done on a pixel by pixel basis and is therefore somewhat slow. <Alt-f> fades all colors to color set by ackground. <Ctrl-f> Unfades enclosed area. Unfade is accomplished by carrying color on to holes in an object. Unfade should be considered experimental at this point. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-44 F5 Paint & Pattern ────────────────────────────────────────── paints the enclosed area with the spe- cified fill color. You must also spe- cify the border color by number. Gaps in the area to be painted will allow the paint to leak out. SHFT-F10 |1 Creates blue ellipse F3 |1 painted blue. e |1 RIGHT |3 [bellip] UP |2 ENTER |2 C |1 F5 |1 p |1 1 |2 ENTER |1 paint - same as only remains active until next function is selected. Use <ENTER> to paint next area. <Alt-p> paints enclosed area with one of 29 color combinations. Use </> to select color set. The second color set, when used with the appropriate palette, provides 16 distinct colors on a composite monitor. The and <Alt-p> work differently and thus the ultimate result may be different. You may want to experiment with each to get the desired effect. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-45 background(*C*) - sets the color of the entire screen. 32 colors are available: 0-Black 8-Dark Gray 1-Blue 9-Light Blue 2-Green 10-Light Green 3-Cyan 11-Light Cyan 4-Red 12-Light Red 5-Magenta 13-Light Magenta 6-Brown 14-Yellow 7-Light Gray 15-White Select the color of the background by using the <Space Bar>. Fix the color with <ENTER>. The second set of 16 is similar, but with different intensity. <c> color (*C*) - sets the active color palette. <c>olor turns on color and toggles it in high resolution. <C> (*C*) - selects unichrome palette ( sets unichrome color). Selects back- ground color active in high resolu- tion. <Alt-c> toggles multicolor mode in high resolution on a composite monitor. Colors are obtained by combining vari- ous dot patterns. Take a look at some of the pattern screens while in this mode to see a few of the possibili- ties. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-46 <m> modifies color (as set with <F10>) of object to one of 29 color combina- tions. <M> modifies color (as set with <F10>) of screen to one of 29 color combina- tions. <Ctrl-m> modifies one of 29 colors of screen to another one of 29 color com- binations. <Alt-m> modifies one of 29 colors of object to another one of 29 color com- binations. Modify searches for the desired color and replaces it with the new color. If the new color is zero then the color being searched for is erased. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-47 <f> fills area with one of 64 patterns. In order to properly fill an area it must be fully enclosed just as with paint or the fill will leak out. The basic 64 patterns can be modified as desired using <F7 o> to load the file KD- PTRN.PIC into one of the screens and then changing the desired pattern(s). Be sure to save the patterns with <F7 C>. <Alt-f> fills area with pattern from user specified file. File must have a PIC extension. Library Disk #2 contains 640+ patterns for inclusion in your drawings. Once a particular file has been called it is remembered and used as the default for <f>. See Appendix H: for pictures of the supplied pat- terns. While viewing the pattern screen it is possible to change that color combina- tions of the pattern screens using <v>, <V>, and <Ctrl-v> to perform a reverse video using the conventions of F1 Modifications. <S>hift is also available while viewing the pattern screen. These four commands effec- tively increase the number of patterns by a factor of 12, thus each 64 pat- terns on a screen are actually 768 patterns. 640 patterns are supplied with PC-KEY-DRAW version 3.50 making for a total of 7680 effective pat- terns. If this is not enough you can always create your own. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-48 <s> strips - all colors on screen except the one set with <F10>. This can be useful for producing color viewgraphs without a color printer as discussed in Appendix F. It can also be used to turn all of the foreground colors to the same color by setting the desired color with <Alt-F10> and then setting <F10> to the background color (0). <S> shifts - screen foreground colors by one. The background color is not effected. Thus color 1 becomes 2, color 2 becomes 3, and color 3 becomes 1. <S>hift is also available while selecting a fill pattern under <F5>. <S>hift only works on a full screen and not an object. To shift the colors of an object use the following steps: (version 3.50 or later) Erase the object to be shifted using <F7 e>. CTRL-END |1 Move to SCreen 2 CTRL-PGDN |1 Move to SCreen F7 F5 |1 Shift colors S |1 ENTER |1 CTRL-HOME |1 Move to SCreen 1 F7 |1 Place object on screen M |1 ENTER |1 <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-49 F6 Draw & Text ────────────────────────────────────────── <d> dot - places point at cursor location. <ENTER> will mark dot and added it to the vector array. <D> continues vector array from last point entered. <l> line - connects cursor points with a line and adds it to the vector array. A <ENTER> will mark next point and continue drawing. All points must be marked with an <ENTER> or they will not be saved. Select <F6> a second time and <e> or <E> to end line draw- ing. You can temporarily suspend line drawing with a <Space Bar> and con- tinue it again with the an <ENTER>. <Back Space> backs up one point. <L> continues vector array from last point entered. The dot size and line width are set with <w>idth from the CURSOR MODE and can be changed as desired while enter- ing lines and points. The line and dot color are determined by the set- ting of <F10> which may be changed as desired while entering points and lines. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-50 parallel - draws parallel lines and adds it to the vector array. Mark the first point of the first line, the cursor will be left behind. Mark the second end point of the first line with <ENTER>. Move to the second end point of the each subsequent lines that you want and select <ENTER>. continues vector array from last point entered. <s> spoke - draws lines from common center point and adds it to the vector array. Spoke works very similar to arallel. <S> continues vector array from last point entered. The line width is set with <w>idth from the CURSOR MODE and can be changed as desired while entering lines. The line color is determined by the setting of <F10> which may be changed as desired while entering lines. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-51 <e> exit - ends current mode. Required after any of the above. There is cur- rently a limit of 200 points that can be entered before <e>nding is required. If more then 200 points are entered the program will automatically end, redraw the object, and ask if it is correct. <E> ends current mode and saves line draw- ing to disk using user specified name. These are saved as vectors and are ideal for commonly used symbols. The default extension is VCT. <Ctrl-e> allows the last drawn vector sym- bol to be saved to disk, even after other operations. Line, dot, parallel line, and spoke line must be ended. When the line is ended the screen is first refreshed and then the line redrawn. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-52 <o> old line drawing from disk. A single drive letter will display appropriate files on disk. Must specify rotation angle(any angle) and scale factor. When asked for the scale factor select </> to enter the zoom factor instead. A scale or zoom factor of one will bring the object in matched to the drawing scale you are working on, thus if a couch is created to scale and saved to disk and later recalled while working on a floor plan layout the couch will appear in proper scale to the rest of the floor plan. <O> old, last drawing selected from disk or last vector drawn. Allows alternate rotation and scale. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-53 <c> cursor - draws continuous lines as the cursor is moved. Use this function for freehand drawing with the cursor or with a mouse. Line drawing can be sus- pended by hitting a <Space Bar> (the second mouse button) and restarted with the <ENTER> key. Unlike most other drawing operations in PC-KEY-DRAW, <c>ursor drawing is absolute and once down is not redrawn on ending. As a result the displayed grid and visual layers are not avail- able as they would otherwise become part of the drawing. Cursor drawing must be ended to actu- ally save it to the current screen. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-54 <t> text - enters text at cursor location. (Location when <F6 t> is selected) The size of the text is determined by the mode the program is in. In high reso- lution 80 column text is available, while in medium resolution only 40 column text is available. The text will not be exactly at the cursor location, but will be placed as near as possible on the standard text screen. To place text exactly where wanted use <Ctrl-t> or <Alt-t>. <T> text - allows text to be <c>entered or justified <r>ight or <l>eft. <T> also allows text to scroll up (good for macro slide shows), to be printed ver- tically p or <d>own, allows <a> ASCII file import to the current line the cursor is on, filling to the end of the file or end of the screen and <A> provides continuous input of text until <Esc> is selected. The same con- ventions of text size for <t> apply to <T>. Scrolling takes place when a cap- ital letter is used for a particular command. <Ctrl-t> text - is copied into <F7> so it can be moved to position required. As with <t> and <T> the text size is determined by the mode. <Ctrl-t> is useful for a number of operations where it is necessary to exactly place the text. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-55 <Alt-t> text - allows use of alternate fonts as stored on disk. Font file default extension is FNT and can be created with any and all program fea- tures and saved with <F7 C>. The pro- gram disk contains two font files, KD- FONT1.FNT and KD-FONT2.FNT. Library Disk #3 contains additional font files. See Appendix H. Font text is brought into animation so that it can be place as desired. Use <x> to left justify by setting the x coordinate to zero, use <C>enter to center the text on the screen. To fix the text use <F7 M>. A number of text oriented macros are supplied on the program disk (in compiled form) in KD- DRAW.HOT. These macros provide a num- ber of methods to change the animated text to outline, bold, shadow, and other special effects. See the section on Macros for additional information as to what is available. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-56 F7 Copy & Move ────────────────────────────────────────── <e> erases the enclosed area and copies it for use with <a>, <s>, <r>, and/or <m>. The erased area is held in the F7 screen buffer until replaced with a subsequent operation using F7. If after erasing an area you decide to save it to disk, use <Ctrl-PgDn> until you reach Screen F7 and save with <F8 s>ave. The file will be saved as a PIC file. <E> erase and animate - allows an area to be picked up and moved quickly. After erasing the area the screen is updated. <F7 E> is equivalent to <F7 e ENTER F7 a>. One application of <E> is to drag an object on screen to enlarge it. Try the following, start- ing with the cursor in the center area of the screen and the cursor step set to between 5 and 10: F2 |1 Create object r |1 HOME |5 ENTER |2 RIGHT |3 F7 |1 Copy part to drag. E |1 DOWN |5 RIGHT |3 ENTER |1 SHFT-F9 |1 Drop cursor speed to 1 F7 |1 ALT-S |1 Drag object with smear RIGHT |10 F7 |1 M |1 Complete move ENTER |2 COMMAND SUMMARY 4-57 <Ctrl-e> erases area enclosed in circle. The erased area is not saved and is therefore lost, unless <n>o is the response when asked "Correct (y/n)". <Alt-e> erases enclosed area in the same way as <e>rase but does not copy it to the F7 screen buffer and therefore the object is lost, unless <n>o is the response when asked "Correct (y/n)". Any object in the buffer is not effected. If <e>rase is used in the Screen F7 then <Alt-e>rase will auto- matically be substituted. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-58 <c> copies area to be moved, but does not erase it. The area is saved in the F7 screen buffer. <C> copies the portion of the screen to disk for later use. No extension on the user supplied name creates a file with a PIC ending that can be retrieved with <F7 o>. A FIG extension saves portion of screen in an ASCII format. A BAS extension will save the screen as a basic subroutine for use in user written programs. A FNT saves the object as part of a font library for use with <F6 Alt-t>. <Ctrl-c> copies the same size object as previously copied without remarking. Note: The last screen copied or erased can be view and further manipulated by selecting <Ctrl-End> <Ctrl-PgDn>. It is possible to copy the entire screen as follows. ALT-1 |1 Jump to Top-Left-Corner F7 |1 c |1 Start copy HOME |1 Move to Bottom-Right ENTER |1 Complete Copy COMMAND SUMMARY 4-59 <o> retrieves drawings saved with <C>. The object is brought into animation and can be positioned as desired. If the object looks jumbled, it may be because it is partially off the right side of the screen. Try moving to the left to see the object. <O> retrieves drawings saved with <C> and immediately places them on the screen as would occur with <F7 Alt-m>, thus replace anything under the rectangle defining the object. <a> animate allows a previously copied or erased area to be moved around the screen with the cursor. As the object is moved vertically off the screen it will slowly disappear until the cursor wraps. As the object is moved horizon- tally off the screen it will distort until wrapping occurs. <a>nimate XORs the object with the screen so the background is left unchanged as the object is moved about. Use animate to position an object prior to moving or for special effects in a slide show macro. Several commands will put the user directly in the animate mode, such as <F6 Ctrl-t>, <F6 Alt-t>, and <F6 o>. See <F7 Alt-s>mear for an alternate form of object animation. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-60 <m> moves area previously erased or copied to lower right of cursor. <m> XORs the copied area with what is on the screen. If a copied object is XORed twice the original screen image is restored intact. <M> moves area previously erased or copied to lower right of cursor. <M> performs an OR with the object and screen, thus superimposing the copied image onto the screen. <Ctrl-m> moves area previously erased or copied to lower right of cursor. <Ctrl-M> uses AND to transfer an image only if an image already exists, therefore if <Ctrl-m> is used to move onto a blank area of the screen, noth- ing will appear to happen. Note: <ENTER> and <Ctrl-m> are identical to an IBM PC keyboard. <Alt-m> moves area previously erased or copied to lower right of cursor. <Alt-m> uses the PSET action to replace a portion of the screen with the copied image. The sample demo provides a good example of the different results obtained with the four syntaxes of move. Each of the four methods of mov- ing have different applications. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-61 <s> smear - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor, thus smearing it across the screen. <s> XORs the object with the screen, so that if the object is moved over where it had already been, it will disappear. <S> smear - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor, thus smearing it across the screen. <S> performs an OR with the object and screen as the object is move, so that the object is superimposed on the screen image. <Ctrl-s> smear - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor, thus smearing it on the screen. <Ctrl-s> will AND the object with the screen, thus the object will be placed only if an image already exists on the screen. <Alt-s> smear - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor, thus smearing it across the screen. <Alt-s> moves the object absolutely, thus replacing anything beneath the object. <Alt-s> can be used for anima- tion of an object, try the following: F2 |1 Start with speed=8 r |1 END |5 ENTER |2 END |1 F7 |1 c |1 PGUP |7 ENTER |1 F7 |1 ALT-s |1 - |1 Move cursor around on screen. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-62 <r> replicate - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor with the speed set to the object's size. <r> XORs the object with the screen, so that if the object is moved over where it had already been, it will disap- pear. <R> replicate - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor with the speed set to the object's size. <R> performs an OR with the object and screen as the object is move, so that the object is superimposed on the screen image. <Ctrl-r> replicate - moves the copied object with each step of the cursor with the speed set to the object's size. <Ctrl-r> will AND the object with the screen, thus the object will be placed only if an image already appears on the screen. <Alt-r> replicate -moves the copied object with each step of the cursor with the speed set to the object's size. <Alt-r> moves the object absolutely, thus replacing anything beneath the object. To fill the screen with a wallpaper effect using a previously copied area try the following: ALT-1 |1 F7 |1 ALT-r |1 Move cursor around on screen to fill it with replicated patterns of the copied area. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-63 <l> inserts a horizontal line at the cur- sor position. The number of lines inserted is determined by the cursor speed setting. <Alt-l> deletes a horizontal line at the cursor position. The number of lines deleted is determined by the current cursor speed setting (<F10>). <l> and <Alt-l> are useful when creating text slides or viewgraphs. As text is entered and placed to create the slide using the various text options of <F6>, it may not be evenly distributed on the screen. Copy and move can be used to change the placement of the text, but a faster approach to adjust the number of horizontal lines between two lines of text is to use <l> to insert lines or <Alt-l> to delete lines. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-64 F8 Files & Exit ────────────────────────────────────────── <d> directory of selected disk. Any disk drive A-Z can be accessed. The entire directory is shown. Partial directo- ries are available any time you are asked for a FILE NAME by entering a single drive letter only, then <ENTER>. Use the SUBST command with DOS 3* to replace path names with single drive letters. PC-KEY-DRAW ver- sion 3.50 and beyond will recognize subdirectories directly without the use of SUBST, but SUBST still is an ideal method of minimizing typing. Directory information beyond a single drive can be obtained by ending in the full subdirectory as you would in DOS. For example to see all screen files in subdirectory C:\DRAW\LIBRARY1 enter: F8 |1 d |1 ***TEXT***|C:\DRAW\LIBRARY1\*.SCN|1 While the above will show the desired files in the specified drive it does not change where the program will look for them on subsequent file retriev- als. To change the drive and/or subdi- rectory that is used for completed drawings, simply enter an "=" equal sign head of the drive\subdirectory as in the following: F8 |1 d |1 ***TEXT***|=C:\DRAW\LIBRARY1\*.SCN|1 COMMAND SUMMARY 4-65 <s> saves the current drawing - must be room on disk. For best results on a two floppy system save drawings on B: with the program in A:. Two files will be saved. The first is the screen file saved with a SCN extension. The second is the data file for scale informa- tion. The data file will not be saved if the scaling in use is the default pixel scaling. Multiple pages/layers must be saved independently if they are to be used again. A single drive letter displays the screen files on that drive. If the user is in Screen F7 when the <s>ave command is given the file will be saved in the F7 format in the same way as if <F7 C>opy and save had been used. Only the object on the screen and not the full screen is saved. This feature can be overridden by spe- cifying the SCN extension when saving in Screen F7. A PIC extension is otherwise assigned. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-66 <o> old - retrieves a stored drawing from disk Screens previously created with this program should have an associated data file with scale information. A directory of files available for load- ing are available by entering a single drive letter at the request for FILE NAME. <O> old - displays screen files on disk and loads then for sequential display using <PgDn>. The ause command can be used to temporarily pause if the <O> option is used as part of a key macro. <O>ld sequential can be used nicely for full screen animation from a RAM disk. If a set of sequential screen files are held in a RAM disk they can be called up very quickly with <O> providing a form of anima- tion. <Ctrl-o> template - allows a template screen to be called up. Disables updating of disk. Retrieve working screen with <F8> <w> or <W>. SCreen 2 can be used for a template screen without invoking template. This keeps your template files handy. The tem- plate command has remained primarily for compatibility to older versions. It is recommended that a second screen be used for loading template screens with the standard <o>ld command. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-67 <Alt-o> displays screen files using one of five display methods. This is pri- marily for use with slide show macros as a special effect. The files are first loaded into the memory space normally reserved for Screen F7 so anything in that buffer will be lost. The five display types are: 1 Fade In 2 Pull Down 3 Pull Up 4 Pull Right 5 Pull Left <f> fresh - clears screen and starts again. If the current drawing has not been saved on disk it will be lost. <F> fresh - clears screen and layers or pages from workspace disk. Be sure you have saved any and all of the pages and layers that you want for later use or they will be lost. <F>resh will delete all files on the workspace disk named PAGE.??? so do not name other files by that name or they will be lost. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-68 prints graphics screen on line printer #1. The last screen title is displayed and you are asked if it is OK. <y>es will print the title with the screen. <n>o allows you to enter a new title on the prompt line. Most printers require that you load GRAPHICS.COM (from your DOS disk, see DOS manual for more information) to print prop- erly. Zoom prints entire screen. With par- tial and full screen zoom printing you must specify the characters to use and one of three sizes.(1 is the smallest and 3 is the largest) <Ctrl-p> zoom prints partial screen. Enclose area to be printed in box. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-69 Zoom Printing with F8: Print sizes range from 1 to 41 Size 1 corresponds to 17 cpi Size 2 corresponds to 12 cpi Size 3 corresponds to 10 cpi Some printers do not support all three character pitches and will not be avail- able for use. Size 4 through 41 are mul- tiples of the first three sizes. Some experimentation maybe necessary to find the correct size to print with. Start small!!!! 1X 2X 3X 4X 5X 6X etc. 17 CPI 1 4 7 10 13 16 12 CPI 2 5 8 11 14 17 10 CPI 3 6 9 12 15 18 Several printer configurations have been include on the disk. Any printer can be configured to work with the zoom printing option. To select a printer or to config- ure a printer select <Ctrl-s> from the CURSOR MODE. Set desired printer number and the screen will switch to the config- ure printer section. Select one of the available printers or using your printers owners manual enter in the configuration for your printer. Note that printer number one "1" is reserved for an Okidata 92. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-70 <w> restores old workspace #1 to any screen along with scale information saved with the workspace. The drive for workspace is set as part of the general program configuration and should be a RAM disk if available. Workspace #1 will appear in the work- space drive as WRKSPC1.SCN. <W> restores old workspace #2 to any screen. Workspace #2 appears on the workspace drive as WRKSPC2.SCN. The two workspaces are stored as screen files with an SCN extension. If <O>ld sequential is used on a disk with a workspace, the workspace will be included in the sequential file display. Use workspace as a quick save method (see Update) or as a place to hold a drawing while you make temporary changes to it. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-71 <k> kills a file on the disk. User must specify full name including drive. This works the same as the DOS DEL function. For wide card deletes use ? instead of *. To delete all files with a SCN extension on drive B: enter the following name when prompted: B:????????.SCN <K> renames a file on disk by specifying the old name of the file and the new name desired. <e> exits program completely and returns to DOS. Since PC-KEY-DRAW offers so many different ways of saving a draw- ing, it is up to you to be sure you have properly saved what you were working on and in the form you wanted. <e>xit does ask you to confirm your desire to exit. Be sure you have saved any work in the form desired. <x> allows direct coordinate entry. Enter the scaled x and y coordinates. The cursor will jump to the new point. <n> or </> or < > or <Esc> exits function. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-72 F9 Speed ────────────────────────────────────────── <F9> Cursor speed is controlled with <F9>, <+>, and <->. <F9> toggles between setting the cursor speed to 1 and to the last speed set with the <+> and <-> keys. This allows rapid movement or fine movement. <Tab> also serves to toggle speed. <Tab> was specifically added for the "Enhanced" keyboards. Cursor speed also effects joystick and mouse speed. <Shft-F9> forces the cursor speed to 1. This is intended for use with a key macro. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-73 F10 Color ────────────────────────────────────────── <F10> controls the color that many of the functions work with. Lines, rectan- gles, circles etc. will be drawn to the color set by <F10>. Other commands such as paint, spray paint, rotate, etc. use the color to work with. If a particular function does not appear to work, it may be that the color was not set correctly. The medium resolution mode has 3 foreground colors and 1 background color, while the high reso- lution mode has one foreground color and one background color. To switch into a color mode use <Shft-Tab>. To change the foreground or background color set use <F5>. <Shft-F10> forces the color to color 1. This command can be useful in creating certain types of key macros. <Alt-F10> temporarily sets the background color used by the program. The color in use is displayed in column 40 of the screen. Use ackground to set the background color absolutely. COMMAND SUMMARY 4-74 Hot Keys ────────────────────────────────────────── The following summarizes the KD-DRAW.HOT supplied on the program disk. KD-DRAW.HOT has been compiled, but the original macros are contain on library disks 2, 3 and 4. <Shft-F1> - txtover.mcr <Shft-F2> - txtover2.mcr <Shft-F3> - txtover3.mcr <Shft-F4> - txtover4.mcr <Shft-F5> - bold.mcr <Shft-F6> - bold2.mcr <Shft-F7> - bold3.mcr <Shft-F8> - 2x-3d.mcr <Ctrl-F1> - overlay.mcr <Ctrl-F2> - overlay2.mcr <Ctrl-F3> - overlay3.mcr <Ctrl-F4> - overlay4.mcr <Ctrl-F5> - shadow1.mcr <Ctrl-F6> - shadow2.mcr <Ctrl-F7> - shadow3.mcr <Ctrl-F8> <Ctrl-F9> <Ctrl-F0> <Alt-F1> - patmake.mcr <Alt-F2> - outline.mcr <Alt-F3> - zd2x2.mcr <Alt-F4> - zd4x4.mcr <Alt-F5> - zd4x1.mcr <Alt-F6> <Alt-F7> - zoomup2.mcr <Alt-F8> <Alt-F9> - up-exit.mcr COMMAND SUMMARY 4-75